Imo either the discovery of DNA or the integration of computers and algorithms to gain new insights into massive biological databases (bioinformatics!)
Really good question! In terms of technology I would say when scientist as Franklin or Volta discover the potential use of electricity. In terms of biology or medicine, I would say that the theory of microbial infectious diseases of Koch or when Pasteur discover penicillin. The big last big advance would be probably the discover of CRISPR, a technology found in bacteria that allows the geneticists to edit our genome to a better understanding of some genetic base diseases.
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