Great Q:)
The key theorist behind these early models would probably be Gabriele Veneziano.
The string theories turned out to be the wrong model for hadron physics, but were later adapted to their present role as a theory of all elementary particles by a number of theorists.
Some of the earliest and most important were Pierre Ramond, Andre Neveu, John Schwarz and Joel Scherk. This development occurred in the mid 1970s.
Of course many, many theorists were involved in the development of string theory which continues to this date.
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