I would think that depends on the fish – some fish like Salmon can survive both in fresh water & salt water – at specific stages of their life. Organisms in general can adapt to new environments but gradually over 1000’s of years.
So fresh water species may survive up to 3 days, depends on the fish. About 40% of fish are fresh water and some fish can survive in both saline and non saline water. Salmon as Ann mentioned below, migrate so they slowly adjust their ability to withstand salt ( osmotic pressure) as they travel from the freshwater rapids to the ocean. Tuna can only live in salty (saline) water.
Comments