To know in which direction groundwater flows, we usually measure groundwater level in several wells (or holes if the water is really close to the surface), and when possible do a map of groundwater level (a piezometric map). Groundwater flow from the highest groundwater level to the lowest groundwater level. For surface groundwater this is often the same than the direction of the slope, but not always: the direction of flow can be different if there is wells pumping nearby, tides, lakes or rivers etc…
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