Hey Mike,
I know the boiling point of water is roughly 100°C and it is the point at which the heat energy cause the liquid water moleculars to change and become a gas (phase transition its called).
This is however dependant on pressure, purity of the water and what it is put in … now I had to look up who found this out in the first place and its seems it was a few different people, but Andreas Celsius (C) set his measurements on the thermometre by this. Although aparently he originally put boiling as 0 and freezing as 100 and then it got inversed.
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