It depends on the sweetener, some of them are sintetised in a chemical lab. Like if they were a medicine. Actually, most of the sweeteners were discovered by accident when researching other drugs. Other sweeteners are extracted from plants.
Artificial sweeteners are made of all sorts of things it depends on the sweetener. Aspartmae for example is made from joining together the amino acids aspartic acid and phenylalanine. Splenda is made from either of two sugars, sucrose or raffinose. Some other sweeteners such as stevia are made from plants.
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