Pasta is a dried product, when cooked in water it absorbs the water and increases the volume. Also, when cooking some changes happens to the starch (a complex sugar in the pasta) and the protein, the pasta becomes more flexible and sticky the longer you cook it.
Gonzalo has explained this pretty well already but just wanted to add you could also technically “cook” pasta in room temperature water it would just take a very long time for it to absorb the water. Then you can just add it to sauce and heat it through and you are done. Have done this before when camping and it was very useful!
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